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We move forward in identifying the causes of the marked and systematic reduction in the homicide rate in São Paulo state in the 2000s. Its main objective was that of investigating the role of the criminal organization PCC in this process. We constructed a first-difference fixed effects model...
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As in many cities, gangs in Medellín provide order and collect 'taxes'. Why do gangs govern civilians? Some argue that criminal and state rule are substitutes. Hence, increasing state presence should crowd out gangs. But they could also be complements. States produce growth and general demand...
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have to own in order to qualify as "economic crime." This paper aims to revisit the growing disciplinary landscape of … economic criminology with a view to outlining the role of organized crime in it. The analysis aims to refine and compare the … concepts of "economic crime" and "organized crime," deliberate on the central features of both, and speculate on the floating …
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the inherent susceptibility of the food sector to being exploited to launder illicit funds and as a predicate crime for … and food crime to identify a knowledge gap highlighting the dual role of the food sector, both to launder illicit funds … and as a predicate crime generating such funds. It adopts a viewpoint approach by considering the factors identified in …
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