It is argued that migration from Mexico to the US and its corresponding return migration are determined by … find that migration practically disappears if Mexico has American arrival rates while employed. Doubling migration costs …

Using data collected for the evaluation of the rural component of Oportunidades, Mexico's flagship anti-poverty program …, I show that poor households' entitlement to an exogenous, temporary but guaranteed income stream increases US migration … even if this income is mainly consumed and that some households likely use the entitlement to this income stream as …

Using data collected for the evaluation of the rural component of Oportunidades, Mexico's flagship anti-poverty program …, I show that poor households' entitlement to an exogenous, temporary but guaranteed income stream increases US migration … even if this income is mainly consumed and that some households likely use the entitlement to this income stream as …

. Little is known of what drives that growth. We propose that the expansion of interior immigration enforcement, a … characteristic of the U.S. immigration policy during that time span, might have contributed to this unique trend by pushing Mexican … immigrants into self-employment as an alternative livelihood. Exploiting temporal and geographic variation in immigration …