In this article, we respond to calls by previous researchers to clarify the function of decentralized institutions by analyzing the strategic motives of individual actors. We investigated an important type of decentralized institution, certified management standards, and theorized that firms use...

Tokyo Electron Ltd. operates in a constrained innovation environment, defined by modular boundaries that are long standing in the industry that it serves, the global semiconductor manufacturing industry. While the original motivation for these boundaries was division of labor and partitioning of...

As the only significant competitor to Intel Corporation in PC microprocessors, Advanced Micro Devices faced daunting investment choices. Not only did it have to fund microprocessor design teams, it also had to fund silicon process R&D, and it faces huge capital expenditures associated with...

For more than thirty years, scholars have investigated the connection between corporate sustainability and financial performance. In 2016, Khan, Serafeim, and Yoon published what appeared to be a major breakthrough in this quest. They reported that guidance from the Sustainability Accounting...