This paper is a first attempt to empirically measure transaction costs – a composite of administrativecosts and trading costs – of firms in the European Union's CO2 Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS)during its trial phase (2005-2007). This analysis provides some evidence that transaction...

One of the most controversial planning issues internationally is the siting of waste disposal infrastructure in local communities. Compensation is viewed as a possible solution to siting difficulties in many countries. However, existing empirical evidence is conflicting as to whether or not...

There have been occasional ad hoc efforts to influence consumer behaviour by the imposition of product taxes that reflect external costs imposed by such products that are not initially included in their price. In the spirit of this idea, in2002 Ireland introduced a 15 Euro cent tax on plastic...

In this paper, we have surveyed the effects of European climate change policy on European economies and societies, and analyzed them empirically. The paper consists of four parts. Namely, 1) a survey of ex-ante studies and ex-post literatures on the cost assessments of European Union Emissions...