As customer-brand engagement progressively shifts to digital domains, understanding social media effects in branding has become a vital issue. Social media effectiveness is especially important for the US retail sector due to intense competition among retailers for consumer attention and...

The authors propose a dynamic hierarchical linear model (DHLM) to study the variations in the costs of trade finance over time and across countries in dynamic environments such as the global financial crisis of 2008-2009. The DHLM can cope with challenges that a dynamic environment entails:...