economic efficiency by maintaining the integrity of competitive markets.The courts have resolved this tension by developing the …

preferences when setting excise tax rates. We use it to evaluate excise beer tax policy in the Canadian province of Ontario, which … differentially taxes local craft beer and large manufacturers’ beer. We identify the government’s preferences over the total surplus … and net externalities associated with the production and consumption of different types of beer products. The results show …

In this paper we extend the BEER (Behavioral Equilibrium Exchange Rate) approach which identifies an estimated … Permanent Equilibrium Exchange Rate, or PEER, for the U.S. and Canadian dollars and the pound sterling. The BEER and the PEER … pound sterling the BEER and the PEER diverge sharply, with the latter following the actual exchange rate quite closely …