In spite of problems since reunification Germany remains the most important economy in Western Europe, and is the lynchpin of European security. The East German states must be successfully integrated into the German economy if the country is to remain stable and play its full role within an...

Long-term public sector sponsored training programs often show little or negative short-run employment effects and often it is not possible to assess whether positive long-run effects exist. Based on unique administrative data, this paper estimates the long-run differential employment effects of...