way to enforce cooperation in groups is ostracism: players who defect are expelled. If the group's members prefer not to … threat in doubt. Nonetheless, we show that ostracism can be effective in promoting cooperation with either finite or infinite …

We study how punishment influences conditional cooperation. We ask two questions: 1) how does conditional cooperation … change if a subject can be punished and 2) how does conditional cooperation change if a subject has the power to punish … cooperation. We find that the possibility of being punished increases the strength of conditional cooperation. At the same time …

dilemma game results in stage-one cooperation rates of between 95-100%. Content analysis of between opponent communication … focuses on the increased earnings cooperation can achieve, with minimal discussion of punishment for failing to cooperate …. Restoring cooperation after an early stage-game defection typically requires compensating the aggrieved player. Between opponent …