This paper analyzes the potential of partnerships of the European Union (EU) with China and Russia. The scope of analysis will be the EU vis-a-vis these two countries, using three types of trade liberalization: unilateralism, bilateralism/regionalism, and multilateralism. The paper argues that...

This Article analyzes the Doha round, focusing on trade in services. It illustrates the general European Community's position in services trade in the framework of the Doha Development Agenda. The Lisbon Treaty's provisions relating to international trade are analyzed. It is argued that with the...

This chapter addresses the current World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiations on trade in services in the framework of the Doha Development Agenda. An analysis of the 6th WTO Ministerial Conference in Hong Kong is provided. Following the suspension of the WTO multilateral trade negotiations in...

Large energy reserves have recently been discovered in the Levant Basin, where considerable amounts of gas reserves have been found in the exclusive economic zones (EEZ) of Lebanon, Cyprus and Israel. Lebanon and Israel are both net energy importers and suffer from energy security problems....

This book is unique in that it uses trade as a tool to move the climate agenda forward, by presenting the following two new approaches to climate change mitigation: 1) a bottom-up approach to climate change and 2) using regional trade agreements (RTAs) to promote climate change mitigation. The...

Starting from the premise that climate change mitigation is a global public good, there is a nexus between energy and climate change, which encompasses a range of issues such as clean energy subsidies, carbon taxes, and border adjustment for carbon emissions. In the absence of a global climate...

This article explores the electricity sector of Latvia and Portugal, the European Union’s (EU) policy on clean energy, electricity, and smart technologies, the relationship developed between them, and the feasibility of smart grids’ and other new tools and technologies’ popularisation in...

This timely book shows how the creation of a European Energy Union might be an effective and viable solution to the energy security problems that the European Union (EU) is facing. The aim is to make it easier to trade energy inside the EU. The EU currently has to rely on energy-rich countries...

This article is an analysis of relevant Intergovernmental and Host Government Agreements on oil and gas transit pipelines in several parts of the world. The following questions serve as the basis for the analysis: 1. To what extent can common principles and regional specificities be derived from...

Energy security is one of the main problems that humanity faces today and the European Union (EU) has to rely on energy-rich countries for its energy needs. The European Innovation Union, the Energy Community, and the Europe 2020 initiative address energy security as a priority, but policies...