heterogeneity or fractionalization index and the discrete polarization index. However, still no broad consensus is reached on which …-linear way three different aspects of ethnic diversity, namely the fractionalization, the polarization and the ethnic dominance … groups. Following the Esteban and Ray [On the measurement of polarization, Econometrica, 62(4), 1994] approach to social …

outcome (growth, incidence of civil wars) and index (fractionalization, discrete polarization). Second, we find that, in case … fractionalization index. This may explain the sensitiveness of empirical evidence on the impact of ethnic diversity with respect to … of pure private goods, smaller groups always contribute more and so the fractionalization index under-estimates their …