There is a stark contrast between the ambitious investment promotion efforts of many least developed countries (LDCs) and their often minimal commitments under the General Agreement on Trade in Service (GATS). At a time of urgent need to address domestic infrastructure and investment gaps, this...

Bei der Besteuerung nicht oder nur begrenzt handelbarer Dienstleistungen (wie z.B. lokale Postdienstleistungen) entfällt der Anpassungsdruck des internationalen Steuerwettbewerbs weitgehend, sodass etwaige Wettbewerbsverzerrungen insbesondere zwischen verschiedenen inländischen...

In 2011, the Brazilian government granted an income tax benefit to corporate bonds issued with the specific purpose of financing long-term infrastructure investments (Law 12.431/2011). The financial bonds favored by this policy have become known as "incentivized bonds". This paper describes the...

What goods to export and where to sell them? Our research was pursuing these two major goals. The first one is related to detecting countries where Austria has good perspectives for boosting its export. The basic idea was to use macroeconomic data set detecting the significant variables. We...

The share of the tertiary sector in China’s value added has increased steadily, overtaking the share of the secondary sector in 2013. With increasing incomes, the share of services is expected to grow further as at higher incomes a larger share of income is spent on services. In addition to...

The balanced scorecard is one of the most successful, endurable management concepts in recent years. The balanced scorecard is a performance measurement tool developed in 1992 by Harvard Business School professor Robert S. Kaplan and management consultant David P. Norton. Kaplan and Norton's...

Die aktuelle Diskussion über die Deregulierung des Taximarktes wirft die grundsätzliche Frage auf, ob unregulierter Wettbewerb auf diesem Markt zu effizienten Ergebnissen führen kann, oder ob es nicht auch aus ökonomischer Sicht gute Gründe für staatliche Eingriffe gibt. Eine Abwägung...

This paper provides theory and evidence on airline bag fees, offering insights into a real-world case of product unbundling. The theory predicts that an airlineś fares should fall when it introduces a bag fee, but that the full trip price (the bag fee plus the new fare) could either rise or...

Like in most other European countries, services of general interest in Finland have in recent years been subject to competition, increased private provision, and in some cases privatisation. This development is motivated by expected cost reductions, by EU regulations, by ideology and fashion,...

We investigate the effects of alternative open access regimes on market performance. In particular, by means of an economic laboratory experiment we compare the market outcomes under unregulated wholesale competition, under a price-fixing rule (where firms must maintain their wholesale price for...