-random variation in legislator religion generated by the results of close elections. We find that the presence of Muslim legislators … India. We code data on Hindu-Muslim violence and Muslim political representation in India and leverage quasi …

surmises that oppositions will reduce agitations when shocks are anticipated (elections). In contrast, when unanticipated … substitute visible forms of unrest (riots) for more covert operations on soft targets (civilian-targeted violence). This pattern …

election results in India. We combine data on riots, which have been geo-coded, with electoral data on state legislature … societies. Religious riots have claimed more than 14,000 lives in India since 1950. We study the effect of Hindu-Muslim riots on … districts. We find that riots occurring in the year preceding an election increases the vote share of the Bharatiya Janata Party …

election results in India. We combine data on riots, which have been geo-coded, with electoral data on state legislature … societies. Religious riots have claimed more than 14,000 lives in India since 1950. We study the effect of Hindu-Muslim riots on … districts. We find that riots occurring in the year preceding an election increases the vote share of the Bharatiya Janata Party …

We study the connection between religion and political radicalization in Weimar Germany, where the Catholic Church …

Do incidents of ethnic polarization influence voter behavior? I address this question through the case study of India …, the world's largest functional democracy. Specifically, I test whether prior events of Hindu-Muslim riots electorally … first to establish a causal relationship between Hindu-Muslim riots and BJP's electoral performance. Results show that riots …