This paper presents the first MIMIC (multiple indicator multiple causes) model estimate of the size and development of the shadow economy and of do-it-yourself (DIY) activities in Germany from 1970 to 2005. By 2005, they reached a level of about 17% and 4.94%. While the shadow economy has...

Building information modeling (BIM) is one of the tools used in recent years to reduce costs and increase the efficiency of construction projects. Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology is one of the most significant and influential developments in the building industry. BIM is the...

Main description: Steuerhinterziehung könnte bald den Fußball als Volkssport Nummer Eins ablösen. Die daraus resultierenden Mindereinnahmen schränken die politischen Handlungsspielräume ein und verleiten die Regierung dazu, die Belastung über Steuern und Abgaben zu erhöhen. Dadurch steigt...

The German law on co-determination at the plant level (Betriebsverfassungsgesetz) stipulates that works councilors are neither to be financially rewarded nor penalized for their activities. This regulation contrasts with publicized instances of excessive payments. The divergence has sparked a...

The German law on co-determination at the plant level (Betriebsverfassungsgesetz) stipulates that works councilors are neither to be financially rewarded nor penalized for their activities. This regulation contrasts with publicized instances of excessive payments. The divergence has sparked a...