Showing 311 - 320 of 510
Health care presents a daunting fiscal challenge in both advanced and emerging economies. This paper examines public spending pressures in health care over the next several decades and provides recommendations for reform. Using a methodology that improves upon earlier studies, the paper finds...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013130332
This paper reviews evidence on the impact of fuel subsidy reform on household welfare in developing countries. On average, the burden of subsidy reform is neutrally distributed across income groups; a $0.25 decrease in the per liter subsidy results in a 6 percent decrease in income for all...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013130913
The paper reviews recent developments in the pass-through of international to domestic petroleum product prices, in the different fuel pricing regimes, and in fuel subsidies in a range of emerging market and developing economies. The main finding of the paper is the limited price pass-through in...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012777198
The range of and constraints on policy instruments available to the government when raising and distributing revenue can have important consequences for the efficiency and equity implications of pricing policy. The usual trade-off between equity and efficiency is magnified. We emphasize the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014073240
This paper estimates fossil fuel subsidies and the economic and environmental benefits from reforming them, focusing mostly on a broad notion of subsidies arising when consumer prices are below supply costs plus environmental costs and general consumption taxes. Subsidies are $4.9 trillion...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011451432
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10004802382
A consistent set of economy-wide shadow prices for Pakistan is presented, based on input-utput flows for the mid-1970s. This provides broad parameters for policy at the sectoral level, with indications as to which sectors should be encouraged under alternative assumptions concerning the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011094289
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010828429
Rising fuel subsidies have contributed to fiscal pressures in India. A key policy concern regarding subsidy reform is the adverse welfare impact on households, in particular poor households. This paper evaluates the fiscal and welfare implications of fuel subsidy reform in India. Fuel subsidies...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010790400
This note will describe recent trends in income inequality in both advanced and developing economies and how tax and expenditure policies have impacted on these trends. It will discuss how tax and expenditure policies should be designed to bring about a more equitable distribution of income, as...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010790477