A long literature in demography debates the importance of place for health. This paper assesses whether the importance … sanitation an important mechanism by which population density in?uences health outcomes? The paper uses newly assembled data sets …, international child-level data set of 172 Demographic and Health Surveys, matched to census population density data for 1 …

Twin births are often used to instrument fertility to address (negative) selection of women into fertility. However …, twin-IV estimates will tend to be upward biased. This is pertinent given the emerging consensus that fertility has limited … impacts on women's labour supply, or on investments in children. Using data for developing countries and the United States, we …

and Health Surveys (1995–2001 and 2001–2006) for 25 low-income countries, this study examined trends in where women … wider than the urban–rural gap. Inadequate public investment in health system infrastructure in rural areas and lack of … skilled health professionals are major obstacles in reducing maternal mortality. Governments in low-income countries must …

expanding access to long-acting reversible contraceptives to lower income women creates positive selection in the health of the … children being born, reducing the rates of extremely preterm births and infant mortality. My most conservative estimates …