. The paper underscores the principles of the poverty focus of social assistance and presents an overview of existence … evidence of first- and second-order effects of social assistance, particularly in the domains of poverty, education, health and …

The new Routledge History of Poverty, c. 1450-1800 provides neither a "history" nor a coherent concept of "poverty" and …, based on the idea that the interplay of "labour" and "poverty" (epitomized in the notion of the "labouring poor") forms the … crucial key to the understanding of the decisive long-term theme in the history of poverty and poor relief in Europe from 1350 …

Programs to fight poverty aim at allowing individuals to support themselves ex-post, when they are not part of the …