enforcement, and second, we provide an overview of Japan's anti-cartel regime. With regard to the first objective, in Part 1 of … objective of the paper, in Parts 2 and 3 we explain the basics of Japan's anti-cartel regime. We review, inter alia, the rules … – either in cartel scenarios or, notoriously in Japan, bidrigging cases. Finally, in Part 4 we highlight recent developments …