Energy is one an important class of traded commodities. The particular feature of energy is that about 85% of energies consumed are produced from non-renewable sources. While the structure of energy market is complex, in general we have competitive markets. Some exceptions like OPEC cartel in...

The paper is devoted to analytical investigation of the division of geographical space into urban and rural areas with application to Russia. Yegorov (2005, 2006, 2009) has suggested the role of population density on economics. A city has an attractive potential based on scale economies. The...

Sustainable use of natural resources becomes an important issue today not only due to global warming and pollution issues but also because of critical pressure on the Earth's regeneration possibility. We cannot use classical microeconomic approach here for two reasons: a) impossibility to create...