Students around the world are going to school but are not learning-an emerging gap in human capital formation. To … understand this gap, this paper introduces a new data set measuring learning in 164 countries and territories. The data cover 98 … worldwide, learning has stagnated; (b) girls outperform boys on learning-a positive gender gap-in contrast to a negative gender …

.7 percent in the second), reducing gender gaps in school retention. The findings show large learning gains of 0.323 standard … students' school participation and academic performance over two years, while also examining heterogeneous impacts and … gender. There were also large effects on school management outcomes, increasing the number of meetings by 16 percent and the …