We present a formal theorem of the square root of the Brownian motion. In doing so, we show that this process can be presented as a typical complex random variable. In addition, we introduce the basic properties of this process

We prove that the assertion of Genest (2020) is incorrect and irrelevant. First, there is no claim (in the paper he is referring to) regarding the dependence of the non-arbitrary constant. That paper did not make any claim that would justify the emergence of Genest (2020). Furthermore, these are...

We show that, in practice, the standard unit root tests, cointegration tests, and similar tests are unreliable. This conclusion is more generally applicable to other regression-based tests. In particular, these tests attempt to solve a problem by creating another problem

We overcome a major obstacle in the literature. In doing, we introduce a simple, closed-form formula for pricing the American options. In particular, we significantly simplify Alghalith's closed-form formula for pricing American options. In doing so, we introduce a formula that does not require...

We present a general theory of hedging, that overcomes the limitations of the expected utility theory and the conventional mean-variance approach. In so doing, we introduce a hedger's multi-motive objective function