In the first part of the paper we look at economic growth in Africa over the past three decades. We divide the past three decades into two parts: A "lost period" from 1981 to 1995 and a "recovery period" since the second half of the 1990s. During the first period, Africa did not catch up but...

This paper deals with the estimation of the output gap. We use uni- and bivariate unobserved components models in order to decompose the observed German GDP-series into trend, cycle and seasonal components. The results show that using the ifo business assessment variable as an indicator for the...