A rich literature has established the importance of global funding conditions (‘globalliquidity’) for the international financial system (e.g. Borio, McCauley, and McGuire2011). In particular, Eickmeier, Gambacorta, and Hofmann (2014) made an important contribution by presenting a structural...

We present a model in which banks and other financial intermediaries face both occasionally binding borrowing constraints and costs of equity issuance. Near the steady state, these intermediaries can raise equity finance at no cost through retained earnings. However, even moderately large shocks...