The last two decades have seen a sharp increase in shadow banking activities in both advanced and emerging economies. Shadow banks have therefore become an important part of financial markets due to their credit creation and capital allocation roles. This study investigates the impact of shadow...

The central function of a bank inherently exposes it to various financial risks where each of these risks has the possibility to influence stakeholders' perception. This perception, which is linked to the trustworthiness, credibility and performance of the bank, translates into the reputation of...

The South African government offers various support mechanisms to support Eskom, the state-owned electric utility, and the independent power producers in providing low-cost electricity, including credit and payment guarantees. Guarantees constitute contingent liabilities to the government and...