Utility providers, such as energy companies and railway operators, have been long emphasised as driving competition and facilitating investment in broadband markets. Nevertheless, their involvement and contribution to broadband development has varied significantly over time. In the late 1990s,...

NGA development continues to be constrained by the very high financial burden yet to be overcome. Competitive network rollout is not likely to happen outside of very densely populated areas for a foreseeable future. Regulators must strike the right balance between procompetition measures and...