Women consistently work less in the labor market and earn lower wages than men. While economic empowerment of women is … educational attainment or skills. Gender is a further dimension in which the impacts of trade liberalization can differ. In a … globalizing world it is important to understand whether and how trade policy can contribute toward enhancing gender convergence in …

differences in productivity. Numerous studies have been performed to measure the extent of gender wage discrimination in countries …A gender differential in wages is considered to be discriminatory if the differential cannot be explained by gender …. This differential has been attributed to labor market discrimination against women. Using data from 2003 and 2010 Household …

This paper examines gender differentials in earnings in Macedonia, with special emphasis on the role of occupational … segregation. The lower earnings of women in Macedonia cannot be explained by gender differences in measured human capital … endowments. There is a high degree of segregation of jobs along gender lines, the end product of which is lower earnings for …