Existing regulatory codes for telephone, cable and broadcast treat 'data' services as largely beneath or outside official attention. 'Enhanced services' have been excluded from the ambit of 'basic,' regulated telephony. They are exempt from access charges and almost completely free of most other...

We use recent advances in the statistical analysis of Oaxaca–Blinder decompositions for non-linear models to analyse the contribution of individual variables to total gender differences in training participation and duration. Results suggest that effects stemming from the intra-household...

We estimate a linear approximation of the market potential function for Europe as derived in geography and trade models. Using a spatial econometric estimation approach, border effects are identified by a differential impact of other regions’ purchasing power, depending on whether two regions...