This text aims at highlighting a typology of small firms which, beyond those resting upon size or industry, allows to distinguish the firms according to their internal organization and the type of market on which they act. We will thus try to arrange the population of SMEs which is still often...

Free banking theory aims at showing that competition is the most efficient system as far as compensation between banking institutions is concerned. Private moneys could then exist simultaneously. Such a point of view seems to be at variance with a general tendency consisting in concentrating...

This paper seeks to estimate the effect of a European policy that subsidizes innovation investments. By carefully selecting observables, we compare recipients of the program with non-recipient firms to overcome the endogeneity of R&D grants. We conduct a difference-in-differences design on the...