-border risk-sharing is limited, giving a role to a federal unemployment-based transfer scheme. Member states control local labor … Monetary Union, we find notable welfare gains if the federal scheme's payouts take the member states' past unemployment level … as a reference point. Member states' control over policies other than unemployment benefits can limit generosity during …

-employment duration, unemployment duration, and re-employment wages in the case of job displacements due to firm closures. We use … unemployment, but not in terms of wages, compared to males. Policymakers may consider the importance of implementing diverse …