Purpose – The purpose of this article is to analyse methods for determination of exchange rates in response to fundamental economic variables and changes in monetary policies. Design/methodology/approach – The paper undertakes empirical examination of exchange rate movements and their...

Large accumulations of foreign reserves have been ongoing recently in Asian countries. Policymakers seem to have decided to increase high levels of foreign reserves for self-insurance or precautionary purposes against exchange rate movements. Other countries have accumulated foreign reserves to...

Since the 1980s, many regional agreements have appeared to facilitate trade and spur economic growth. This paper examines whether or not the purchasing power parity (PPP) hypothesis for regional agreements has been satisfied. This study employs a nonlinear unit root test for real exchange rates...

"This book examines the impact IT has on politics, education, sociology, and technology. IT has already changed the face of many business activities and has prospects for future development. This book focuses on the benefits of IT for developing countries, whose problems must be solved, and...