The basic deterministic stationary inventory problem, in which backorders are allowed, is analyzed. Instead of considering the backorder cost to be a cost per unit and per time, we also suppose the presence of a fixed backorder cost per unit. The latter generates a supplementary dependence of...

Market trends such as globalisation, increasing customer expectations, expensive industrial land and high labour costs cause a need for efficient order picking systems in practice. However, managers often do not implement findings from academic research on order picking planning into practice...