Commodity prices are key ingredients in many economic theories. We pick three of them (Prebisch–Singer hypothesis, commodity currencies, financialization of commodity markets) and give a critical view on the empirical challenges faced by practitioners, including measurement inconsistencies,...

This paper proposes an ex-post measure of inequality of opportunity in France and its regions by assessing the inequality between individuals exerting the same effort. To this end, we define a fair income that fulfils ex-post equality of opportunity requirements. Unfairness is measured by an...