The “Intended nationally determined contributions” (INDCs) communicated by both developing and developed countries … represent a crucial element of the Paris agreement. This paper aims at analysing the INDCs submitted by Parties, through the …

-net emissions before the end of the century in a socially and politically-acceptable manner. To get the ambition right, policymakers …

individual progress towards their own mitigation-related NDC targets, understand others’ NDC targets and their progress toward … them, and assess collective progress towards the long-term mitigation goal. This paper aims to assist Parties and … stakeholders in framing thinking around the nature of accounting for mitigation targets given the diversity of target types in NDCs …