Demand response is a cornerstone problem in electricity markets under climate change constraint. Most liberalized electricity markets have a poor track record at encouraging the deployment of smart meters and the development of demand response. In Europe, different models are considered for...

The energy crisis that started in 2022 reminded European governments of the resilience provided by relatively well-integrated European electricity markets. European Union leaders thus decided to reverse a creeping energy renationalisation and to invest in completing the internal market. However,...