We explore the characteristics of Pareto-optimal allocations in the context of local public goods or clubs. A set of first-order conditions for Pareto optimality is provided. Classical treatments apparently neglect an important term related to migrant compensation, and thus are incorrect. A...

This paper develops the “Losers Distribution,” a new discrete probability distribution that describes the number of losers in a k-player game with n-fold identical trials. The problem of financial exclusion demonstrates one application. Luck is used to unleash, pool and circulate the...

Firewood remains a key source of energy for households in developing countries, contributing to forest degradation and deforestation. The adoption of alternative fuels may be hindered by high startup costs, and this problem may be compounded by restrictions in credit availability. We use survey...

Much of the world population, particularly in developing countries, still relies on firewood to meet basic energy needs. The resulting indoor air pollution can have severe health consequences, particularly for young children who spend considerable time in close proximity to the fire while their...