rates in Italy since 1887, comparing the extent of 'electoral-violence cycles' between areas with a higher and lower …We investigate how criminal organizations strategically use violence to influence elections in order to get captured … politicians elected. The model offers novel testable implications about the use of pre-electoral violence under different types of …

rates in Italy since 1887, comparing the extent of ‘electoral-violence cycles' between areas with a higher and lower …We investigate how criminal organizations strategically use violence to influence elections in order to get captured … politicians elected. The model offers novel testable implications about the use of pre-electoral violence under different types of …

increase the cost of corruption but not of the exercise of violence might accordingly lead mafia-style organizations to … retaliate by resorting to violence in lieu of bribery. On the other hand, anti-corruption measures might also induce criminal … violence. To determine which of these possible effects is prevalent, we undertake an empirical assessment of the impact of city …

impact of city council dissolution for mafia influence in Italy as prescribed by Decree Law 164/1991 in discouraging violence … increase the cost of corruption but not of the exercise of violence might accordingly lead mafia-style organizations to … retaliate by resorting to violence in lieu of bribery. On the other hand, this kind of anti-crime measure might also induce …

violence in turn increases the income of the protection providers. The result is a violence multiplier. Combining elements from … tournament and rent-seeking theory, we derive results that contrast with standard results from the rent-seeking literature. For … example, a decrease in the cost of violence increases violence more than pari passu and increases the value of being a …