This study examines how characteristics of an organization and its disciplinary system affect line management perceptions of disciplinary system effectiveness. Using responses from 418 organizations, we found a curvilinear relationship between disciplinary system restrictiveness and perceptions...

Firms are increasingly turning to the controversial practice of employment arbitration to resolve workplace disputes. Yet little is know about how decisions are made by employment arbitrators or how their decisions compare to those made in traditional dispute-resolution forums. This study uses a...

While lack of scale economies have traditionally limited the use of human capital programs among small and medium enterprises (SMEs), outsourcing models have recently emerged to provide cost-effective access to these programs. Drawing on the diffusion of innovation literature, we apply the...