Since the seventies the existing order of international economic relations has been exposed to ever stronger pressures. Access to foreign markets must once again be regarded as a scarce commodity, since the far-reaching removal of tariff barriers has been more than compensated for by non-tariff...

In spite of all protestations and exhortations it is a fact that trade liberalization, the modern version of free trade, is caught in a crisis. Professor Detlef Lorenz is here analysing the causes of this crisis and suggesting alternatives for a future liberalization policy.

This article presents a study of exports of 131 countries for the years 1928-1936. There are two important results. One, while world exports in current USD began to rebound from the collapse of trade during the Great Depression in 1933, world exports in constant US gold dollars decreased...