’ growing practice of making upward adjustments to projected earnings that tend to weaken leverage constraints.Moreover, bank … regulatory changes have incentivized “originate-to-distribute” loan syndications that enable non-bank lenders to hold and trade …

between bank capital ratios and unused loan commitments and transaction deposits for depository institutions. We test … bank capital ratios of non-failed banks during the crisis. For failed banks, large levels of unused loan commitments seem …

practice of making upward adjustments to projected earnings that tend to weaken leverage constraints.Moreover, bank regulatory … changes have incentivized “originate-to-distribute” loan syndications that enable non-bank lenders to hold and trade leveraged … loans too risky for banks to keep. Syndicated lending now involves greater and greater participation by non-bank or …

detailed firm-level and bank-firm level information in Spain. A distressed firm exhibits both cash-flow and balance … receiving new credit. However, the main bank of a distressed firm is more reluctant to restrict the credit supply to this firm … than a bank with no previous exposure to the company, which might reflect the incentives of the former to engage in loan …

challenge by comparing spreads on loans originated by the same bank, to the same firm, at the same origination date, but with …

firm-level and bank-firm level information in Spain. A distressed firm exhibits both cash-flow and balance-sheet insolvency … receiving new credit. However, the main bank of a distressed firm is more reluctant to restrict the supply of credit to such … firm than a bank with no previous exposure to the company, which may reflect the incentives of the former to engage in loan …