corruption on productivity. Corruption is narrowly defined as the occurrence of informal payments to government officials to ease …Using enterprise data for the economies of Central and Eastern Europe and the CIS, this study examines the effects of … the day-to-day operation of firms. The effects of this “bribe tax” on productivity are compared to the consequences of red …

The present paper argues that the effect of corruption on foreign ownership is not necessarily linear and depends on … the level of host corruption. So long as the expected returns from foreign investments exceed its expected costs, higher … host corruption will be associated with higher foreign ownership. However, costs may exceed or exactly compensate the …

(CIS) to provide empirical evidences to test our argument concerning this interrelation between innovation, productivity …This paper analyses the effect of innovation on the well-established productivity-export association in the literature …. Here, we argue that actively innovative firms have a higher productivity, which make them more likely to become exporters …