- 2012Q4. We confirm theexistence of threshold cointegration between the variables in Nigeria, asagainst linear cointegration …This study investigates the long run relationship between exchange rate andexternal reserves in Nigeria during 1990Q1 … results indicate that cointegration between the variables occurs only when the equilibrium error exceeds an estimated …

study employed the smooth time-varying cointegration (TVC) and time-varying detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) methodology …

This paper models the long-run relationship between the Bureau De Change exchange rate and external reserves in Nigeria … Nigeria’s policy oversight. The supLM test result indicates that there is a non-linear long-run relationship between the … series, providing empirical support in favor of a TVECM specification. Thus, Cointegration occurs when the divergence between …

other developing countries. Methodology used in the study consists of co-integration tests, vector error correction models …

co-integration tests and the studies on South Africa primarily using short-span data from the post-Bretton Woods era, we … Dollar using annual data from 1910 – 2010. The results provide some support for the monetary model in that long-run co-integration …

and introduce nonlinearity into the estimation and testing procedure. Our results indicate that (i) exchange rate …