We present an approach that aims to comprehensively account for scientists' academic engagement and commercialization activities. While previous research has pointed to the economic and social impact of these activities, it has also been hampered by the difficulties of accurately quantifying...

Levy on graduate earnings should replace state funding of universitiesAlthough graduates tend, on average, to earn more than non-graduates, the ‘graduate premium’ varies greatly by subject and by year of graduation. It also varies significantly between individuals.There is considerable...

This paper provides findings from the UK Labour Force Surveys from 1996 to 2003 on the financial private returns to a degree - the "college premium." The data covers a decade when the university participation rate doubled - yet we find no significant evidence that the mean return to a degree...