In classic studies of the Second Spanish Republic (1931-1936), a package of contentious social reforms sowed deep fault lines between parties on the right and left. The international trade shocks of the 1930s receive less attention. Leveraging an exposure design and disaggregated trade and...

Like the rest of the world, Spain has suffered from frequent financial crises and undergone several changes in its regulatory framework. There have been crises that have been followed by reforms of the financial structure, and also troubled financial times with no modification of the regulatory...

It has become commonplace to think that globalization has produced a race to the bottom in terms of labor standards and quality of life: the cheaper the labor and the lower the benefits afforded workers, the more competitively a country can participate on the global stage. But in this book the...