are more inclined to conclude that US cartel enforcement has seen an underlying shift away from focusing on smaller …While price-fixing cartel prosecutions have received significant attention, the policy determinants and the political ….S. antitrust cartel prosecutions during the period 1969-2013. This period has seen substantive policy innovations with increasing …

We provide a comprehensive quantitative assessment of cartels and the related cartel enforcement process in the … of the public cartel enforcement process in the European Union - subdivided further into its duration, types of cartel … European Union (EU) from 2001 to 2015. In a first step, we present a detailed characterization of all cartel cases decided by …

This paper analyzes the inner workings of cartels. To understand how sanctioning institutions prevent cartel formation … institutions are present. At the same time, average prices are lower when communication is less explicit. A mediation analysis … suggests that sanctions are effective in hindering cartel formation not only because they introduce a risk of being fined but …

lower price by making it more attractive than collusion on higher prices. For a range of low cartel prices, the fine is set …We study antitrust enforcement that channels price-fixing incentives through setting fines and allocating resources to … considerations, and minimum fines. Bankruptcy considerations limit maximum fines, ensure abnormal cartel profits and impose a …

In this paper we set out the welfare economics based case for imposing cartel penalties on the cartel overcharge rather … of a penalty based on the cartel overcharge with three other penalty regimes: fixed penalties; penalties based on revenue … conjunction with the above result, our analysis of cartel stability (and thus deterrence), shows that penalties based on the …

enforcement, leniency, and cartel strategies on the maximal cartel price. Ex-ante leniency cannot reduce the maximal cartel price …We analyze how leniency affects cartel pricing in an infinitely-repeated oligopoly model where the fine rates are … linked to illegal gains and detection probabilities depend on the degree of collusion. A novel aspect of this study is that …