that group identity is a key factor in the explanation of intergroup cooperation and competition. …

This paper brings together studies of civil war consequences and literature on military spending, introducing a novel … associated with military spending levels, independently of arms races or civil war interventions. Analyses use GIS …-derived measures of neighboring civil war that take into consideration whether or not the civil war zone reaches the shared border …

nothing if it loses. We study a model of war with such an asymmetric payoff structure, and private information about military … win the war unless its expected military technology is considerably worse. Our model may thus explain why defending …

change and we provide impulse response functions for a sample of countries in response to civil war …

I examine whether and how the means through which a civil war ends affects the success of a country's state … military victory, the coercive balance-of-power at the end of war favourable to the victor enables it to dictate the post … of informal power in the post-war context whose influence is exercised through private networks of party members and …