-run interactions are analyzed through the implementation of causality tests, evaluation of cross-correlations between the cyclical … components of the series in order to identify lead/lag relationships and cointegration analysis. Our results highlight the … and share prices on the short run. Turning to the long run, numerous long-term relationships are detected, the causality …

The paper analyses the cointegration relationships and the causal links between the exchange rate of the US Dollar, on …

This study aims to determine the direction of causality between national income and government expenditures for twelve …, Slovenia, and Slovakia. Support for the hypothesis that causality runs from government expenditures to national income has been … found only in the case of Bulgaria and Cyprus. The results of Granger causality tests indicate that Wagner’s law is …

existence of a long-run relationship between import demand and its determinants. We also present evidence of one-way causality … Nigeria. However, when structural breaks were introduced, bi-directional causality is observed; indicating the critical role …

-causes economic growth that implies, on one hand, increasing international dependence of Pakistan’s economy particularly imports and … on the other hand, partially supports the neoclassical view. There is long-run relationship between economic growth and …

annual time series data for the period 1981 to 2007. The cointegration results suggest that there exists a unique significant … adjustment. The causality result shows unidirectional causality running from inward FDI to aggregate imports in the country. The …

weak form. By employing cointegration and causality tests, we investigate the long-run and short-run relationships among …

properties, we applied the bounds testing approach to cointegration and the system-wise Rao’s F-test with bootstrap simulation …-test reveals strong unilateral causality running from real income to health care expenditure in Malaysia. …

to 1993, using cointegration techniques and the direction of causality relationship in the long and short runs between … the variables through integrating the Error Correction Model (ECM) into the traditional Granger causality test. A Granger … non-causality test (due to Toda and Yamamoto) is also performed. Unit root tests have been applied in order to investigate …