This paper introduces a model for intraday copper futures prices based on a stochastic differential equation (SDE). In … characterizing linear time-variant systems. This method is applied to construct a model able to simulate the trajectories of copper … copper futures prices is rather weak. In fact, the developed model produces trajectories close to the actual data only in the …

increasing demand for metals like copper and lithium due to the growth in renewable energies and electromobility, metal abundant …

aluminium futures market, leverage effect is found for copper futures traded at MCX, India. Similar to aluminium, it is evident … indicates that the risk premium of the asset is not significant to hedge. Further, unlike copper and aluminium, short … shock of futures has a persistent effect on the cash market of aluminium, copper and nickel and vice-versa. Future research …

by European governments the deployment cost is analysed to assess options for extending the profitable coverage of FTTH …. In this paper a bottom-up cost model is applied to determine the investment and cost of deploying and operating a FTTH … network in Germany on a national level. The monthly cost per subscriber at rising penetration is compared with the Average …

for highest bandwidth and quality for end-users and which no longer rely on copper cable elements. These are FTTH … architectures only. From all available FTTH architectures we concentrate on the two most relevant architectures in Europe, Ethernet … bottom-up cost modelling approach. We model the total cost of the services considered under efficient conditions, taking into …

overall network cost to be considered (depending on the location of the demarcation point) the traffic share of the voice … termination service (which determines how much of the relevant cost is borne by voice termination) compared to all the other … services sharing the same NGN/ NGA network needs to be taken into account. We analyse the cost effects with a cost model, which …