Data sharing presents many opportunities in terms of stimulating innovation and creating a level playing field between businesses, but also carries risks by potentially decreasing incentives for data collection and analysis, facilitating collusion between firms or exploiting consumers as well as...

Online platforms have the characteristics of a particular type of market known as ‘multi-sided'. These businesses create value by bringing advertisers and users together. Access to user data is critical to this process. On the basis of economic literature, the features of multi-sided platforms...

With this submission, we would like to take the opportunity to submit feedback, in our personal capacity as researchers, to the European Commission's Proposal on a framework for the free flow of non-personal data in the European Union (‘the proposal').Our submission aims to raise two main...

While algorithms bring about benefits for consumers in the form of more efficient price setting, concerns have also been expressed about possible adverse effects including discrimination. The paper takes a competition law perspective in analysing a type of discrimination that is said to be...

Data portability has a hybrid nature. What emerged as a data protection concept is now also becoming part of policies aiming to stimulate competition and innovation. To reap the full benefits of data portability, this article argues that there is a need for regulators to steer its implementation...

Based on a mix of conceptual insights and findings from cases, this paper discusses three ways in which the effectiveness of regulation in the areas of competition, data and consumer protection can be improved by tailoring substantive protections and enforcement mechanisms to the extent of...

To prevent market tipping, which inhibits innovation, there is an urgent need to mandate sharing of user information in data-driven markets. Existing legal mechanisms to impose data sharing under EU competition law and data portability under the GDPR are not sufficient to tackle this problem....

With this submission, I would like to take the opportunity to respond to the European Commission's call for feedback on the evaluation of the Market Definition Notice. My comments mainly focus on the relevance and coherence of the Notice as two of the five evaluation criteria listed by the...