as the impact of these activities on firm-level productivity. The evidence gathered suggests that countries in the South …-owned firms as the most innovative of the region. The evidence also suggests a positive impact of innovation on productivity …

efficiency, labor productivity, and growth. We also include imports into the knowledge production function, because catching up … economies may adopt technologies embodied in imported hardware. Additionally, we link productivity and innovation output to … process innovation in all performance features except for labor productivity. However, higher efficiency does not improve the …