Martial Law exacerbated cronyism and oligarchy by concentrating power into the hands of one political clan … as the risks of cronyism and oligarchy have merely evolved over time. Reformists appear to have liberalized the economy …

political clientelism in the delivery of social programmes in India, especially by allowing party leaders to bypass local …

During the first wave of COVID-19 infections, Kerala, a state in southern India, successfully managed to contain the …19 infections in the state in a second wave also ascertains this fact. While the rest of India recovered from the second … unravelling of the Kerala model of pandemic management. We analyse the role and impact of clientelism and political hegemony of …