Shipping freight rates are notoriously volatile and shipping investors are perceived to be risk-loving. This paper explores the stochastic properties of freight rates in the shipping industry and derives the analytical equations for their moments in downside and upside markets using a two-piece...

The relationship between risk and return has been one of the most important and extensively investigated issues in the financial economics literature. The theoretical results predict a positive relation between the two. Nevertheless, the empirical findings so far have been contradictory....

The relationship between risk and expected returns has been investigated extensively in the financial economics literature. Theoretical models generally predict a positive relation between the two. Nevertheless, the empirical findings so far have been inconclusive. Using a generalization of the...

This paper extends the investigation of the stochastic properties of electricity price growth rates beyond their first two conditional moments allowing for the impact of seasonality on their parameters. The main contributions include the breakdown of electricity price risk into its pure and...

This study re-examines the risk-return relation using a contemporaneous asset pricing model under various probability distribution functions that account for skewness and kurtosis effects in the data. Once these effects are taken into account a positive risk premium is established, suggesting...

We study an equilibrium risk and return model to explore the effects of the coronavirus crisis and associated skewness. We derive the moment and equilibrium equations, specifying skewness price of risk as an additive component of the effect of variance on mean expected return. We estimate our...

Using a flexible statistical framework that accounts for time-varying skewness and leptokurtosis, we examine the stochastic behavior of Bitcoin in comparison to five major currencies. The empirical findings reveal that the distribution of all series is leptokurtic. Once the effect of...